This final thesis will mostly be dedicated to induction motors but also to synchronous permanent magnet and reluctance motors. Singlephase twophase threephase the presentation will describe the basics of the threephase brushless motor because it is the most common version. Senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering. Various types of ac induction motors are available in the market. The ac motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second rotating magnetic field. Ac motors are mainly used for industrial applications such as centrifugal pumps, fans, compressors etc. Free download induction motor seminar ppt, pdf report. What is common to all the members of this family is that the basic physical process involved in their operation is the conversion of electromagnetic energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa. Types of ac motor definition and classification of ac motor. There are two types of induction motors, one with wound type rotor, also called slipring motor.
In the case of internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine. Explain the operation of multiphase ac generators and compare with singlephase. Mechanical energy what is an electric motor an electric motor is a device converting electrical energy into mechanical energy usually a torque. For small power conversion, the single phase ac motors are mostly used. Dc motor principle a machine that converts dc power into mechanical energy is known as dc motor. Ac induction motors are the most common motors used in industrial motion control systems, as well as in main powered home appliances. Nov 03, 2019 an induction motor also known as an asynchronous motor is a commonly used ac electric motor. An ac motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current ac. An industrial type of ac motor with electrical terminal box at the top and output rotating shaft on the left. The single phase ac motor is nearly small in size, and it provides a variety of services in the home, office, business concerns, factories, etc. Induction motors are the most commonly used motors in many applications. It is true that single phase motors are less efficient substitute for 3phase motors.
The principle of an ac motor is that electric current is applied to electromagnets, creating a rotating magnetic field to convert electrical energy to rotation mechanical energy. Chapter 2 ac drive fundamentals this chapter covers. Ac series motor or the universal motor is an electric motor which operates in either ac or dc power at the same speed and output. The induction motor is that the rotor of the synchronous moto. It has the following main advantages and also some disadvantages. In most cases, the considerations can be extended to the other types. Furthermore the three phase squirrel cage induction motor is now utilized for applications where high power. Ac series motor principle, types, characteristics and. Single phase induction motor a less effective but more economical method using shaded pole motors the motor has two salient poles excited by ac current. Single phase induction motor and three phase induction motor. Dc motors although ac motors are used in most of the cases, dc motors have many applications and used for multipurpose applications. Nov 30, 2014 synchronous motors a synchronous motor is an ac motor,which runs at constant speed fixed by frequency of the sysem. Mar 07, 2016 electric motor is a machine which converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Its operation is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed in a.
Based on the construction there are two distinct types of ac servo motors, they are synchronous type ac servo motor and induction type ac servo motor. Synchronous speed means the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator. Generally, it is known as the asynchronous motor because its running speed is less than its synchronous speed. An understanding of several points on this curve will aid in properly applying motors. If a seried dc motor has a laminated stator frame, it can run effectively htt l d iki di iki di 667 from an ac supply as well as dc, this is the. The figure above shows the family tree of the ac motors described in this chapter. Types of ac motors classification based on principle of operation. This classification of induction motor is based on the type of power supply required for its operation. The types discussed in the following paragraphs are typical of the more predominant ones in use. Whats the difference between ac, dc, and ec motors. Compare the types of rotors used in ac generators, and the applications of each type to different prime movers. Electrical motor free download as powerpoint presentation. This motor rotates at a synchronous speed, which is given by the following equation ns 120 f p where, f supply frequency p number of poles 10. Chapter 4 ac drive enclosure characteristics types this chapter discusses the different types and characteristics of enclosures available for square d drive products.
A threephase ac induction motor is the only type where the rotating magnetic field is. Prior to teslas inventions, direct current motors were the presiding type of motor. Introduction to ac motors ac motors electronics textbook. The armature coil wound around the stator core and the coil end is. Therefore, ac commutator motors are used for wide rage speed control at around unity power factor. Types of ac motors and dc motors engineering tutorial. This motor can be placed to high accuracy and also. Pdf download whats the difference between ac, dc, and ec motors. Also ac series motor is a modified dc series motor what does this mean.
There basically 2 types of induction motor depending upon the type. The field windings of a series motors are connected in series with the armature windings. Types, construction and principle of operation, 3 phase induction motor, general. Nov 06, 2018 the classification of ac servomotors is done into two types. The stator consists of a cylindrical frame and stator core. It is logical that the least expensive, lowest maintenance type motor should be used most often.
Get motor rewinding procedure pdf file for free from our online library pdf file. Read here to know about these electrical motors and their exhaustive classification. Synchronoustype ac servo motor consist of stator and rotor. Ac induction motor speed control so what can we do to control the speed of an ac induction motor. Induction motors have constant speed characteristics and low operating power factor. Ac introduction motors have been used in traction applications for a long time. Ac induction motors are also the most common motors used in main powered home appliances. Know where these different types of motors are used. Induction motor seminar ppt, pdf report study mafia. In general, the induction motor is cheaper and easier to maintain compared to other alternatives. In a steam engine the combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine and the steam thus formed is used to run the engine. Ac servo motor is an ac motor that includes encoder is used with controllers for givin g closed loop control and feedback. Electrical motor electric motor electromagnetic induction. Ac motors are used worldwide in many applications to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Singlephase induction motor threephase induction motor singlephase induction motor there are probably more singlephase ac induction motors in use today than the total of all the other types put together. Unit 16 electric motors objectives after studying this unit, the student will be able to state the purpose of an electric motor. Chapter 1 introduction to ac motors this chapter provides an overview of the components of an ac motor, how the motor operates and ac motor terms and concepts. These are the most common type of ac motor and important in industry due to their load capacity with singlephase induction motors being. There are many types of ac motors, but this course focuses on threephase ac induction motors, the most common type of motor used in industrial applications. Unit 16 electric motors washington state university. Generator types various types of alternating current generators are utilized today. There are two types of induction motors, one with wound type rotor, also called slipring motor and another one with squirrelcage rotor. An ac motor works by applying alternating current to stator windings, which produce a rotating magnetic field. An induction motor can be defined as the ac electric motor device in which a power source fed by the alternating current with the help of a primary winding. An ac motor of this type may be part of a pump or fan or connected to some other form of mechanical equipment such as a winder, conveyor, or mixer. The ac motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside stator.
Alternating current motors or ac motors are built on the principle that nikola tesla discovered in the late 19th century. Single phase series motor, repulsion motor and scharge motor are types of ac commutator motor. Motor speed relationship the synchronous speed of an ac motor is the speed of the rotating magnetic field set up by the stator winding synchronous speed rpm 120 x frequency divided by the number of poles. The rotor of an induction motor can be a squirrel cage rotor or wound. Virtually all electrical motors use magnetic field rotation to spin their rotors. Almost all the domestic appliances such as refrigerators, fans. Synchronous type ac servo motor consist of stator and rotor. Bh curves 4th quadrant of typical ceramic and rareearth magnets alnico 5. The brushless dc motor, actually an ac motor, is replacing the conventional brushed dc motor in many applications. Now most of the ac servomotors are of the twophase squirrel cage induction motor type.
Ac motors and their types slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In this chapter, we shall focus our attention on the construction, working and characteristics of commonly used singlephase motors. The three phase ac motors are mostly applied in the industry for bulk power conversion from electrical to mechanical. The short film ac motors 1969 is available for free download at the internet archive.
Advantages of ac drives over other methods of motor control applications for ac drives ac drive theory. For this only the operating voltage, the motor rating, the various shortcircuit ratings and coordination types are required. A good material for the poles of a pmdc motor should have the apposite of the above. This conversion is usually obtained through the generation of a. Have you ever noticed what kind of motor drives the ceiling fan. Induction motor theory jerry bednarczyk, pe course content introduction the ac induction motor is well suited to applications requiring constant speed operation. Know about the different categories that these motors can be classified into. The induction motor is made up of the stator, or stationary windings, and the rotor. The two main types of ac motors are induction motors and synchronous motors. Types of electric motors electric motors dc motors other motors h ac motors s unt motor separately excited induction motor stepper motor motor brushlessdc motor series motor hysteresis motor permanent magnet dc pmdc synchronous motor reluctance motor compounded motor universal motor. Below is the respective difference of synchronous motor and induction motor. Electric motors and drives fundamentals, types and applications third edition austin hughes senior fellow, school of electronic and electrical engineering, university of leeds amsterdam boston heidelberg london new york oxford paris san diego san francisco singapore sydney tokyo newnes is an imprint of.
And, the stepper motor, a digital version of the motor, is driven by alternating current square waves, again, generated by solidstate circuitry. An induction motor can be treated as a rotating transformer i. By far the most commonly used ac motor is the induction motor. An introduction to electric motors stmicroelectronics. Synchronous and asynchronous developing a rotating magnetic field in stator coil the stator of an ac motor is a hollow cylinder in which coils of insulated wire are inserted. In an induction motor, the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained via electromagnetic induction from the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding. An887, ac induction motor fundamentals microchip technology. Types of dc motors separately excited motor shunt excited motor. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Simple and rugged design, lowcost, low maintenance and direct connection to an ac power source are the main advantages of ac induction motors.
The latest types of motors to enter the fray are those that help. The threephase induction motor is the extensively used for various kinds of industrial drives. Jun 17, 2018 an induction motor can further be of two types. Each pole includes a small portion that has a shortcircuited winding. Advantages of 3 phase induction motor generally easy to build and cheaper than corresponding dc or synchronous motors induction motor is robust. The stator, or stationary part, and the rotor, or rotating part. Ac motor types motors generally consist of two basic assemblies.
Such motors are widely used for pumps, blowers, conveyors and other industrial machinery. Therefore such motors are known as induction motors. Explain the factors that determine the maximum power output of an ac generator, and the effect of these factors in rating generators. Read online now motor rewinding procedure ebook pdf at our library.
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